![]() ![]() This necessitates the implementation of effective measures for successful and active aging, and they require more clarity about the cognitive aging dimensions. A better understanding of normal aging itself is also extremely important because of the increase in life expectancy and, respectively, of elderly people. Early differentiation of normal aging from neurodegenerative pathology is of great importance in terms of timely adequate treatment helping to postpone further cognitive decline. The decline in cognitive functioning has long been traditionally considered a consequence of normal aging, and since dementia caused by neurodegenerative diseases has a long preclinical stage, it may not be recognized for months or even years. Mild cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment, no dementiaĪge-related cognitive changes are widely discussed by the researchers, and rich evidences about them are reported in the literature. A four-factor structure was established, all four factors explaining 71% of the variance.ġ.1. Principal component analysis with oblimin rotation was performed to explore the different dimensions in the visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities in old age. ![]() Drawing of cube and house could be used for quick screening of CIND in subjects over 60. Results proved the discriminative sensitivity of BVRT general assessment criteria and of omissions and distortions in CIND. The diagnostic sensitivity of a modification of Moore and Wike scoring system for house and cube drawing tasks was confirmed as well. Drawing of cube and drawing of house, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and Block design are used to test the hypothesis that short visuoconstructive and visuospatial tests can distinguish normal from pathological cognitive aging in its very early stages. The sample includes 188 participants over 60 years of age, divided in 2 groups: healthy subjects (MMSE ≥28), without cognitive complaints, and individuals with CIND (MMSE between 24 and 27 and subjective cognitive complains). Also described are the comparative interspecies similarities and differences to AD and other human neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, and the spontaneous and transgenic animal models of these diseases.Īlzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease aging amyloid plaques animal models of human diseases brain cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy neurofibrillary tangles pathology.Constructive and visuospatial abilities in normal and in pathological aging (cognitive impairment, no dementia, CIND) are investigated. This review describes the commonly reported age-associated neurologic lesions in domestic and laboratory animals and the relationship of these lesions to cognitive dysfunction. ![]() ![]() Pathologic changes comparable to the lesions of AD are described in several other animal species, although their clinical significance and effect on cognitive function are poorly documented. In aging humans, the most common neurodegenerative disorder is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which progressively impairs cognition, behavior, and quality of life. Common age-related brain lesions in humans include brain atrophy, neuronal loss, amyloid plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy, vascular mineralization, neurofibrillary tangles, meningeal osseous metaplasia, and accumulation of lipofuscin. Brain aging is associated not only with molecular and morphological changes but also leads to different degrees of behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. In parallel, recent animal demographic studies have shown that the life expectancy of pet dogs and cats is increasing. According to the WHO, the proportion of people over 60 years is increasing and expected to reach 22% of total world's population in 2050. ![]()
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